基于定向定量堆放的马铃薯收获机设计

在研究小型马铃薯收获机的基础上,设计了一款能根据收集薯块质量往特定方向堆放的马铃薯收获机,主要由挖掘装置、输送装置及定向定量堆放装置等组成。在马铃薯收获机的后部设计一个四分区临时集薯器,能根据所收获马铃薯的质量来打开集薯器,将收集的马铃薯向中间或者一侧堆放,从而实现了马铃薯的连续挖掘及收集薯块的定向定量间隔堆放,可在较大程度上降低人工捡拾的工作量,同时避免拖拉机碾压伤薯。     

Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics

To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F₂ mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F₂ plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F₂ plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F₂ plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines.     

Effects of Interspecific Competition on the Inheritance of Quantitative Traits in White Clover *)

Analysis of a half diallel cross among four white clover cultivars, grown as monocultures and in mixtures (duocultures) with two separate perennial rye-grass cultivars, confirmed that for stolon and leaf number a higher proportion of the genetic variance in duocultures was non-additive. For canopy height and dry weight, however, this proportion was less affected by inter-specific competition. An additive-dominance model of gene action sufficed for all four characters in monocultures, but in duocultures epis-tasis was just one of the factors complicating the genetic picture. This, coupled with short-term reversals in the direction of dominance, merely illustrates the complexity of breeding white clover cultivars. Possible future developments in the breeding of white clover are discussed in the light of these results.     

低酚棉数量性状遗传的初步研究 Ⅱ主成分分析和聚类分析

本研究对32个低酚棉品种(系)的18个数量性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。前7个主成分的累计贡献率为87.49％:32个品种(系)中有7个综合性状较好,并可分成8类,其中大多数(78.13％)品种(系)同属第一类,表明现有低酚棉品种(系)间的遗传差异较小.要选育优良低酚棉品种,应极力扩大低酚棉品种群体的遗传基础;要利用低酚棉品种间杂种优势,应在类间选配杂交亲本。     

Marker-assisted selection for complex trait in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using QTL-based index

A procedure was developed for marker-assisted selection of complex traits for common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) using an index based on QTL-linked markers and ultrametric genetic distances between lines and a target parent. A comparison of the mean seed yields of the top five lines selected by different schemes demonstrated that the highest yielding group was selected on the basis of a combination of phenotypic performance and a high QTL-based index,followed by groups identified by a high QTL-based-index, conventional selection,and a low QTL-based-index. This study demonstrated a simple way to use information obtained from QTL studies to make selection decisions. The study also showed that the use of the QTL-based-index in conjunction with the ultrametric genetic distance to the target parent would enablea plant breeder to select lines that retain important QTL in a desirable genetic background. Therefore, this type of MAS would be expected to be superior to the phenotypic selection. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting sugars, organic acids and other biochemical properties possibly contributing to flavor, identified in four advanced backcross populations of tomato

Although the Advanced Backcross strategy has proven very useful for QTL detection in tomato, it has been used mainly in identifying QTL for agronomic traits such as yield, color, etc. Tomato flavor is an important quality characteristic, yet it has been difficult to assess flavor or traits that affect it. In this study the AB-QTL strategy was applied to four advanced backcross populations to identify QTL for biochemical properties that may contribute to the flavor of processed tomatoes, such as sugars and organic acids. A total of 222 QTL were identified for 15 traits, including flavor as assessed by a taste panel. Correlations of certain biochemicals with flavor and possible methods of assessing and improving flavor are discussed. In particular, QTL with very significant effects associated with the ratio of sugars/glutamic acid, a trait highly correlated with improved flavor, have been identified as good targets for future work in improving the flavor of tomatoes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

QTL analysis of cooked rice grain elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption using a recombinant inbred population

The traits of elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption are very important in determining the quality of cooked rice grains. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of these traits was performed using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between two indica cultivars, ‘Zhenshan 97’ and ‘Minghui 63 ,’ which are the parents of the most widely grown hybrid rice in China. Using a linkage map based on 221 molecular marker loci covering a total of 1796 cM, a total of 33 QTLs were identified for the nine traits tested. QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1– 3 , 5– 9 , and 11 , respectively. The QTLs identified included three for cooked rice grain length elongation (chromosomes 2 , 6 , and 11), six for width expansion (chromosomes 1‐ 3 , 6 , 9 , and 11) and two for water absorption (chromosomes 2 and 6). Interestingly, a single QTL located near the wx gene on chromosome 6 seemed to influence all the traits tested for the cooked rice quality.     

CONSTRUCTION OF OLD MOUNTAIN CITIES

During the citified course at present for construction of old mountain cities is very important. This paper has analyzed the following problems: the contradiction for construction of cities, style of mountain cities, reconstruction of city construction and reflecting the features of our age from cities.     

棉纤维发育相关基因时空表达与纤维品质的关联分析

以14个纤维品质差异的棉花品种(或品系)为材料,研究10个纤维发育相关基因时空表达变化与纤维品质的关系,为阐明棉纤维发育相关基因与纤维品质形成关系提供理论基础。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测10个基因在14个供试品种(或品系)不同纤维发育时期的相对表达量,结果表明,虽然遗传背景完全不同,但它们具有某些共同表达特征。GhExp1、GhCIPK1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhPL这5个基因都是在纤维伸长期优势表达;GhACT1、GhRacA和GhRacB是在纤维伸长前期和次生壁加厚期高表达;而GhCelA1和GhcelA3是在纤维伸长后期和次生壁加厚期优势表达。这些基因表达谱与纤维品质关联分析显示,GhRacA在23DPA高表达且表达量与纤维品质显著正相关,其余基因在低表达时其表达量与纤维品质呈显著性相关,而在高表达时其表达量与纤维品质无相关性。GhExp1在20DPA的表达量与纤维比强度和整齐度呈显著负相关,与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhPL在23DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著负相关;GhRacA在5DPA和23DPA的表达量均与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhRacB在10DPA的表达量与长度和整齐度呈显著负相关;GhCelA1基因在5DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著正相关,与马克隆值呈显著负相关,在10DPA的表达量与马克隆值呈显著正相关,与伸长率达到极显著正相关,与比强度呈显著负相关,与长度和整齐度呈极显著负相关;GhCIPK1、GhACT1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhCelA3 这5个基因在纤维发育各时期的表达量与纤维品质各指标未检测到相关性。     

Breeding for resistance to coffee berry disease in Coffea arabica L. II. Inheritance of the resistance

Summary The inheritance of resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) has been studied by applying a preselection test to F₂ progenies of a half diallel cross between 11 coffee varieties with different degrees of resistance and to sets of parental, F₁, F₂, B₁₁ and B₁₂ generations of crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties. True resistance to CBD appears to be controlled by major genes on three different loci. The highly resistant variety Rume Sudan carries the dominant R- and the recessive K-genes. The non-allelic interaction between these two genes is of a duplicate nature. The R-locus has multiple alleles with R ₁R₁alleles present in Rume Sudan and the somewhat less effective R ₂R₂alleles in a variety like Pretoria, which also has the K-gene. The moderately resistant variety K7 carries only the recessive K-gene. The arabica-like variety Hibrido de Timor (a natural interspecific arabica x robusta hybrid) carries one gene for CBD resistance on the T-locus with intermediate gene action. It probably inherited this gene from its robusta parent. There is circumstantial evidence that the resistance to CBD is of a stable nature, but it is advisable to accumulate in one genotype as many resistance genes as possible by combining in the breeding programme the resistance of Rume Sudan with that of Hibrido de Timor.